The Maltese people are an ethnic group native to Malta who speak Maltese, a Semitic language and share a common culture and Maltese history. Malta, an island country in the Mediterranean Sea, is an archipelago that also includes an island of the same name together with the islands of Gozo and Comino; people of Gozo, Gozitans are considered a subgroup of the Maltese.
The Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo had been ruled by Phoenician, Byzantine and Roman aristocrats, before passing to various European monarchies and eventually a republican government. Foreign monarchical rule over Malta lasted a total of 874 years. The Crown of Malta was patriated from that of the British for the first time in 1964 with the achievement of independence and abolished in 1974 with the establishment of the Republic of Malta.
The history, languages and culture of Malta and Sicily share many key events, including occupation by the Fatimids and an invasion by Roger I of Sicily in 1091. The islands parted ways in a decisive and permanent manner in 1799, when Malta became a British Crown colony. British colonial rule over Malta lasted 165 years. For an additional 10 years, Malta retained the British monarch as its independent head of state. Malta adopted a republican constitution on 13 December 1974, ending the monarchy altogether, and joined the European Union on 1 May 2004.
From the years 1090 and 1530, the Maltese Islands were a non-autonomous part of the Kingdom of Sicily and thus had the same sovereign. At this time the Nobility of Malta resided in or around Mdina. A strong cultural (and, to a lesser extent, political) connection to Sicily survived from 1530 to 1798 throughout the 268-year rule over Malta by the Knights Hospitaller.
In terms of the regional divisions of the islands, Malta Island was part the Valle di Demone province, Gozo was part of the Valle di Mazzara province and Comino was part of the Valle di Noto province.
(c. 1031 – 22 June 1101)
(1093 – 1105)
(22 December 1095 – 26 February 1154)
(1120 or 1121 – May 7, 1166)
(December 1153 – 11 November 1189)
(1138 – 20 February 1194)
(c. 1149 – 1197)
(died 1201)
(early 1226/1227 – 7 January 1285)
(c. 1245 – 17 January 1305)
(c. 1279 – 1328)
(1312 – 22 August 1338)
(died between 1350 and 1355)
(4 February 1338 – 16 October 1355)
(1 September 1341 – 27 July 1377)
(1 September 1341 – 27 July 1377)
(died November 1391)
(died 1382)
(died November 1391)
(2 July 1363 – 25 May 1401)
(c. 1374/1376 – 25 July 1409)
(29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410)
(27 November 1380 – 2 April 1416)
(1396 – 27 June 1458)
(1395 – 1458)
(Died 1428)
(1396 – 27 June 1458)
(29 June 1398 – 20 January 1479)
(10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516)
(24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558)
Although the Knights Hospitaller ruled Malta as sovereign princes, they held that privilege as a fiefdom, paying a tribute of the Maltese Falcon annually to the Viceroys of Sicily, payable on the feast of All Souls' Day.